{"id":2277,"date":"2024-10-25T17:27:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T14:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.odunsirkesi.com\/?p=2277"},"modified":"2024-10-25T20:31:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T17:31:21","slug":"katran-nasil-yapilir-adim-adim-katran-uretimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.odunsirkesi.com\/index.php\/2024\/10\/25\/katran-nasil-yapilir-adim-adim-katran-uretimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Katran Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Katran \u00dcretimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Katran Nedir?<\/h2>\n

Katran, genellikle \u00e7am olmakla birlikte ard\u0131\u00e7 ve sedir a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan da elde edilen yo\u011fun, viskoz bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle katran ya\u011f\u0131, \u00e7am katran\u0131, sedir katran\u0131 ve ard\u0131\u00e7 katran\u0131 gibi isimlerle an\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Geleneksel Katran ve Di\u011fer Katran T\u00fcrleri Aras\u0131ndaki Fark Nedir?<\/h2>\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra k\u00f6m\u00fcrden yada muhtelif a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n at\u0131k dallar\u0131ndan elde edilen benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlere de katran ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Bu da kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcnden y\u00fcksek dam\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elde edilen ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr katran\u0131 olarak bilinen katran\u0131n \u00fcretimi, sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan mangal k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc yap\u0131m\u0131 ya da \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemle enerji \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00fcretim metodlar\u0131nda da katran ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Bu tarz \u00fcretimlerde muhtelif a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131 (me\u015fe, narenciye, okaliptus vs.) veya meyve \u00e7ekirdekleri ve kabuklar\u0131 (zeytin, kay\u0131s\u0131, antep f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 vs.) kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan koyu ve k\u0131vaml\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131ya da odun katran\u0131 denildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Ancak bizim konumuz olan katran, geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretilen ve sadece \u00e7am, sedir ve ard\u0131\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131ral\u0131 b\u00f6lmelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. En \u00e7ok da \u00e7am\u0131n \u00e7\u0131ral\u0131 k\u00f6k ve g\u00f6vdelerinden elde edilir ve d\u00fcnyada da Stockholm Katran\u0131 ad\u0131yla bilinir. \u00c7am\u0131n \u00e7\u0131ras\u0131z dallar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lsa dahi bu geleneksel \u00e7am katran\u0131 de\u011fil odun katran\u0131d\u0131r, ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellik ve faydalara sahip de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c7am

\u00c7am katran\u0131 hammaddesi \u00e7am \u00e7\u0131ras\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Katran \u00dcretimi: Katran Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Her katran\u0131n katran olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131ktan sonra geleneksel katran\u0131n, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle geleneksel \u00e7am katran\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fine ge\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/p>\n

1- Hammadde Se\u00e7imi<\/h3>\n

Katran \u00fcretiminin en \u00f6nemli ve ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 do\u011fru hammadde se\u00e7imidir. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda en zor olan\u0131d\u0131r diyebiliriz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7am \u00e7\u0131ras\u0131 \u00e7am a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n kendini korumak amac\u0131yla \u00fcretti\u011fi re\u00e7inenin a\u011fa\u00e7ta yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle en iyi \u00e7\u0131ra y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar ya da da kesildikten sonra 10 seneyi a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre boyunca toprakta yatan geni\u015f k\u00f6klerde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c7\u0131ral\u0131

\u00c7\u0131ral\u0131 \u00e7am k\u00f6k\u00fc<\/p><\/div>\n

2- Katran \u00dcretimi \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7\u0131ral\u0131 Odunlar\u0131n Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

\u00c7am \u00e7\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n tedari\u011finin ard\u0131ndan \u00fcretimin ilk a\u015famas\u0131 ba\u015flar. Gelen \u00e7am odunu ve k\u00f6kleri, \u00e7\u0131ras\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden ay\u0131r\u0131larak uygun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde kesilir. Ard\u0131ndan piroliz f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131na girecek olan sepetlere yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

\"\u00e7am

\u00c7am katran\u0131 \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131ra haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

3- \u00c7\u0131ral\u0131 Sepetlerin F\u0131r\u0131nlara Yerle\u015ftirilmesi<\/h3>\n

Uygun boylarda kesilen \u00e7\u0131ral\u0131 \u00e7am odunlar\u0131 katran \u00fcretiminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi f\u0131r\u0131nlara gider. Geleneksel olarak buraya Katran Oca\u011f\u0131 denir. Piroliz ad\u0131 verilen bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in sepetler metal kazanlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u00c7\u0131ral\u0131

\u00c7\u0131ral\u0131 sepetlerin katran kazanlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmesi<\/p><\/div>\n

4- Kazan Kapaklar\u0131n\u0131n Kapat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Ard\u0131ndan kapaklar\u0131 kapat\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\"katran

Katran kazan\u0131 kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hava almayacak \u015fekilde kapat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

5- Katran \u00dcretimi i\u00e7in Kazanlar\u0131n (Oca\u011f\u0131n) Ate\u015flenmesi<\/h3>\n

Oksijensiz ya da k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oksijenin bulundu\u011fu bu \u00fcretime Piroliz denir. Bu i\u015flemde kazanlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan \u00e7\u0131ral\u0131 odunlar ate\u015f g\u00f6rmez. Katran oca\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7\u0131ral\u0131 odunlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir i\u00e7 kazan ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 vermek i\u00e7in yak\u0131lan odunlar\u0131 muhafaza eden bir d\u0131\u015f kazan (f\u0131r\u0131n) yer al\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f kazanda yak\u0131lan ate\u015fle i\u00e7 kazandaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k sa\u011flan\u0131r ve katran \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gerekli reaksiyon ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

\"Katran

Katran \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in Katran Oca\u011f\u0131, d\u0131\u015f kazan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/p><\/div>\n

6- Katran\u0131n Geli\u015fi<\/h3>\n

Kazan i\u00e7inde bulunan \u00e7\u0131ral\u0131 odunlar d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen \u0131s\u0131 ile uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa geldikleri zaman reaksiyon ba\u015flar. Geleneksel katran kazanlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda bir delik vard\u0131r. Bu delikten d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru metal bir boru uzan\u0131r. Uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte kazan i\u00e7inden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru ilk katran ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar. Daha sonra borudan ge\u00e7erek g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

\"Katran

\u00c7am katran\u0131 \u00fcretiminde ilk katran \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

7- \u0130nce Katran (Neft-Sar\u0131 Katran) ve Odun Sirkesinin Geli\u015fi<\/h3>\n

Kazan i\u00e7inden yo\u011fu\u015farak gelen ilk katrana geleneksel olarak kal\u0131n katran denir. Bu katran ile birlikte yo\u011fun bir gaz ve buhar da kazan alt\u0131ndaki borudan ge\u00e7erek uzun bir so\u011futma t\u00fcneline girer. Bu t\u00fcnelin sonunda bulunan musluktan da yo\u011fu\u015farak s\u0131v\u0131 hale gelen ince katran (sar\u0131 katran\/neft) ve ham odun sirkesi toplama havuzuna akar. Burada olu\u015fan katrana inceli\u011finden dolay\u0131 katran\u0131n terebentini de denir.<\/p>\n

\"\u0130nce

\u0130nce katran (sar\u0131 katran – neft) ve odun sirkesi toplama havuzu<\/p><\/div>\n

8- Katran\u0131n Suyunun Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h3>\n

Kal\u0131n ve ince katran son olarak su ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in birlikte distilasyon kazan\u0131na girer. Bu kazanda kaynayarak birle\u015firler. So\u011futma kolonu sayesinde de suyu al\u0131nan \u00e7am katran\u0131 kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r hale gelir.<\/p>\n

\"Katran

\u00c7am katran\u0131 \u00fcretiminde suyun bertaraf\u0131 i\u00e7in distilasyon haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

9- \u00c7am Katran\u0131 G\u00f6nderime Haz\u0131rd\u0131r<\/h3>\n

Son olarak suyu da al\u0131nan katran varil ya da bidonlara al\u0131narak g\u00f6nderime haz\u0131r hale gelir.<\/p>\n

\"\u00e7am

Sat\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131r \u00e7am katran\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri 1-5-10-20 kg<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\u00e7am

G\u00f6nderime haz\u0131r \u00e7am katran\u0131 varilleri<\/p><\/div>\n

Katran ne i\u015fe yarar, faydalar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 nelerdir?:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00c7am Katran\u0131<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n